![]() For optimal motivation, it is argued that strategies need to be developed where individuals adopt and sustain achievement striving. This enshrines the conceptual basis of enhancing motivation for sustained behavior change evident in the extant literature. 1071) so that everyone should achieve the best that is possible for him or her to fulfill their potential. His goal was “equality of optimal motivation” (p. We can never have equality of achievement, but we can have equality of motivation: That was the mission of John Nicholls ( 1979). The following discusses both theories and concludes that each has their strengths and weaknesses. ![]() SDT assumes that individuals are driven by three basic needs, competence, autonomy, and relatedness, and the satisfaction of those needs govern behavior. AGT assumes that individuals cognitively evaluate the competence demands and meaningfulness of the activity, and that those perceptions govern behavior. Both theories predict the same outcomes, such as increased achievement striving, sustained behavior change, and perceptions of well-being, but they differ in why those outcomes occur. However, when explaining the conceptual undergirding of motivation in sport, the why of motivation, two theories predominate: Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT). Within sport psychology research, there are a plethora of techniques of how to increase and sustain motivation (strategies to enhance agency beliefs, self-regulation, goal setting, and others). The different motives have been found to be associated with different outcomes.Motivation is the largest single topic in psychology, with at least 32 theories that attempt to explain why people are or are not motivated to achieve. The scale has been used to predict various behavioral outcomes‚ such as attendance‚ persistence‚ or maintained participation in some sport or exercise activity‚ or to predict mental health and well-being. The five motives are: (1) Fitness‚ which refers to being physically active out of the desire to be physically healthy and to be strong and energetic (2) Appearance‚ which refers to being physically active in order to become more physically attractive‚ to have defined muscles‚ to look better‚ and to achieve or maintain a desired weight (3) Competence/Challenge‚ which refers to being physically active because of the desire just to improve at an activity‚ to meet a challenge‚ and to acquire new skills (4) Social‚ which refers to being physically active in order to be with friends and meet new people and (5) Enjoyment‚ which refers to being physically active just because it is fun‚ makes you happy‚ and is interesting‚ stimulating‚ and enjoyable. ![]() The Motives for Physical Activity Measure – Revised (MPAM-R) is a questionnaire intended to assess the strength of five motives for participating in physical activities such as weight lifting‚ aerobics‚ or various team sports. ![]()
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